Adult ADHD and Comorbid Disorders<br /><br />Many people suffering from ADHD have comorbid disorders such as major depression (Kessler and co., 2006). Many people who suffer from depression do not respond well to medications and may benefit from therapy.<br /><br />Neurotransmitters are brain chemicals that regulate and boost levels of certain brain chemicals. The most commonly prescribed stimulants are amphetamine, methylphenidate and similar medications.<br /><br />Medicines<br /><br />A variety of medications used to treat ADHD in children can be used for adults. The dosages and effects can be different. The doctor will look at the medical history, family health history, and other factors of the individual to determine which medicine is the best for them.<br /><br />The most common ADHD medication is a stimulant. It works by adjusting the levels of norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. Stimulants like methylphenidate (also called Adderall), and dextroamphetamine enhance the supply of neurotransmitters that aid in improving focus, reduce impulsivity and decrease aggression. These stimulants are available in different forms, such as skin patches, liquids and chewable tablets. These long-acting stimulants are preferred due to their improved patient compliance, as well as more consistent, long-lasting improvement of symptoms.<br /><br />It is crucial to keep in mind that comorbidities like anxiety and depression may alter the effectiveness of ADHD medications. <a href="https://www.iampsychiatry.uk/adhd-treatment-for-adults/">adhd treatments adults</a> is therefore recommended that psychiatric disorders be treated first before medication used as secondary measure. Medications that can be used to treat comorbid psychiatric disorders include atomoxetine, bupropion and tricyclic antidepressants (Wilens 2004).).<br /><br />Certain patients may experience an "rebound" effect in which they experience an increase in ADHD symptoms after discontinuing stimulant medications. In these cases it is possible to try a short-term trial of an atypical stimulant drug could be beneficial.<br /><br />Some people are unable to tolerate stimulant medications or are unable to take them due to addiction or other health conditions such as severe heart problems or hypertension. In these instances, non-stimulant drugs such as atomoxetine and viloxazine are effective. These medications don't have the same side effects as stimulants, and they are less likely to be misused or diverted.<br /><br />Psychotherapy<br /><br />People with ADHD can benefit from psychotherapy (talk therapy). It can help them gain skills to improve their life manage anxiety and stress, resolve conflicts, and deal with problems in relationships or at work. It can also aid with co-existing mental illnesses such as depression and substance use disorders.<br /><br />Talk therapies include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as well as mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and schema therapy. These therapies are based on the notion that a person's beliefs and thoughts affect how they behave, think and feel. CBT assists a person to recognize negative behaviors and thinking patterns, and then develops and implements positive strategies to alter them. Meditation techniques are employed in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to help a person concentrate on their emotions and thoughts to control their impulses and improve executive functioning. Schema therapy, and other forms psychotherapy that focus on a person's family history, may be helpful for people suffering from ADHD.<br /><br />In addition to medication psychotherapy can also help with the specific problems caused by ADHD, such as trouble getting through schoolwork, resolving conflicts and getting along with others, forgetting important dates or responsibilities as well as impulsive decisions that lead to legal or financial issues. It can assist a person overcome issues of the underlying nature, such as anxiety and depression that could contribute to their ADHD symptoms.<br /><br />Psychotherapy can help people find healthy coping techniques and reduce stress. For example exercise, sleep improvement and healthy eating habits. It can also provide support to a family or partner member who is struggling with the effects of ADHD on their relationship. Therapy for families and marriage can help families and couples communicate better and learn how to manage ADHD symptoms together.<br /><br />Cognitive Behavioral Therapy<br /><br />CBT is a form of psychotherapy that focuses on changing the client's negative thinking patterns. It involves a skill-based dialog with a mental health professional to identify the root reason for the symptoms. The aim of this treatment is to overcome limitations and implement strategies for coping that are compatible with the person's everyday life.<br /><br />Therapists who specialize in adult ADHD-CBT instruct clients to recognize unhelpful thoughts and help them develop skills to replace them with more productive thoughts. This process can take some time. It's a possibility for adults who do not feel enough relief from their medications.<br /><br />In a recent RCT study, it was concluded that cognitive behavioral therapy paired with medication is superior to cognitive behavior therapy on its own in terms of improving the core symptoms, emotional symptom self-esteem, and social performance for adults with ADHD (Clarke and co. 2017). The combination of CBT and methylphenidate is particularly effective for those with more severe underlying problems.<br /><br />The therapists that provide this kind of treatment usually collaborate with the client to develop an action plan that is specific to addressing their problems. They teach them a set of skills that are simple to master and have a high probability of success. A chart system is often utilized to track progress and to reward positive behavior. For an infant, this could involve a daily report which outlines the school-related tasks or positive behavior they must perform and an approach to monitoring and gaining rewards. Therapists may also discuss the possibility that negative consequences may be introduced when a child does not complete their task. This can be done in a sensitive and supportive manner.<br /><br />Metacognitive Therapy<br /><br />Metacognitive therapy is a brand new type of psychotherapy that assists people change their mindset. This kind of treatment can be beneficial for people with a variety of mental health issues which include depression. It is a form of cognitive behavioral therapy that assists people in recognizing negative thoughts and their effect on their moods. This kind of therapy can assist them in acquiring psychological tools that are flexible and useful.<br /><br />The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between metacognitive abilities and daily functioning among adults with ADHD. In order to do this we compared self and informant-rated daily functioning impairments with predictors of Metacognition (comprehensive knowledge, regulation of Cognition, Debugging Information Management and Evaluation). It was observed that comprehensive knowledge was related to daily functioning in adults with ADHD however, the regulatory processes were not. Metacognition predictors had moderate predictive power which indicates that they can explain an important amount of variations in the daily functioning of adults with ADHD.<br /><br />Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is a type of psychotherapy which focuses on changing metacognitive beliefs that are dysfunctional and perpetuate states of anxiety and rumination, as well as attention fixation. Adrian Wells developed MCT based on the model of information processing created by Wells and Gerald Matthews. One case series has demonstrated the effectiveness of MCT in reducing anxiety, but it's still relatively new and more research is required to determine its effectiveness for other disorders.<br /><br />This study was created to evaluate the efficacy of MCT to alleviate symptoms of anxiety disorder. However, it can be used to treat a variety disorders and may be more effective than other therapy. This isn't a cure, but can be utilized to treat ADHD.<br /><br />Family Therapy<br /><br /><br /><br />In family therapy, the Therapist works with the entire family. This allows everyone to understand the client's problems and to learn how they can support their loved one better. It also assists them in finding ways to cope with their own frustrations and develop healthier communication skills. This type of counseling could also be used to address other comorbidities, such as depression and substance abuse, which are often seen as part of ADHD.<br /><br />The therapist will begin with an intake session to get an understanding of the family's perspective of the problem and evaluate their suitability for family intervention. This can be done in person or online. The counselor will go over the details of the therapy with each person and spell out the do's and don'ts of family therapy.<br /><br />A therapist with experience treating adults with ADHD asks a lot questions to gain insight into their present symptoms, their past, and the impact they've had on their work, family, and relationships. They will also ask whether any other mental issues are present, such anxiety or depression.<br /><br />Cognitive behavioral therapy is a type of counseling that teaches you to control your behavior and change negative thinking patterns into positive ones. It focuses on boosting self-esteem and self-control by educating you on how to manage anger and stress. This is a temporary option that can be used alongside other types of psychotherapy.<br /><br />Individual therapy can help people with ADHD deal with emotional trauma from a long-running pattern of failure, underachievement, academic difficulties frequent job changes, and relationship conflict. It can teach you strategies for managing stress and coping and help you manage your time and finances more effectively. It can be used to treat other comorbid conditions like mood and anxiety disorders, that are often associated with ADHD.<br /><br />