Two parts:

• in-text citation
  • in the body
• reference list entry
  • at the end

The in-text citation refers the reader to the reference list for complete citation information.

With the basic information, the reader can find the full citation at the end of the paper:

• Author name(s)
• Publication Date
• Page numbers

• APA: (Nel, 2005, p. 805)
• MLA: (Nel, 805)
• CMS: (Nel 2005, 805)
• CSE: (Nel 2005)

AKA: Works Cited, Bibliography, Literature Cited, Cited References, etc.

Full citation- With the following information, the reader should be able to find the article on her own.

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

unique alphanumeric code used to identify and locate an electronic article:

10.1126/science.1108752
http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1108752

URL - Uniform Resource Locator

address for a site or page on the worldwide web:

http://www.jstor.org/stable/3841924

DOI is always preferred over URL

Only use stable/permanent URLs

Each style has its own rules about when to include or not include a DOI or URL:

• MLA - No DOI/URL necessary
  • include name of database & date retrieved
• APA - Include DOI/URL if different from print version
  • do not include name of database or date retrieved
• Chicago - Always include DOI/URL
  • incl db name if no stable URL, incl date retrieved
• CSE - Always include DOI/URL
  • include name of database & date retrieved

• APA: every time you use an idea from another source
• MLA: not necessarily every sentence
  • Be clear - use a citation if necessary
    • use page #s for multiple references in one citation: (Miller 25, 113) at the end of a paragraph
    • OR mention author's name once, but incl. page # in parentheses after every reference
• CMS: not necessarily every sentence
  • place citation at end of paragraph
  • page # at end of each sentence
• CSE: use one citation, be creative with wording

• For longer quotations, place the quotation in a block, indented 1/2" (APA, CMS & CSE) or 1" (MLA).
• Other formatting such as line spacing and use of quotation marks varies across styles.

• New page (insert page break)
• Title:
  • APA: References
  • MLA: Works Cited
  • CMS: Bibliography (& others)
  • CSE: References/Cited References/Literature Cited
• Hanging indent - 1/2"
• Order:
  • Prenthetical: Alphabetized - main author last name
  • Footnotes: Order of appearance

• Library Research Guides
  • http://libguides.humboldt.edu/cite
• OWL Purdue Online Writing Lab
  • https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/
• HSU Library Zotero Guide
  • http://libguides.humboldt.edu/zotero
• HSU Writing Studio
  • https://www2.humboldt.edu/learning/writing_center/index.php